Coupling Flank Collapse and Magma Dynamics on Stratovolcanoes: The Mt. Etna Example from InSAR and GNSS Observations

Volcano ground deformation is a tricky puzzle in which different phenomena contribute to the surface displacements with spatial–temporal patterns. We documented some high variable patterns response volcanic and seismic activities occurring at Mt. Etna through January 2015–March 2021 period by exploiting an extensive dataset of GNSS InSAR observations. The most spectacular pattern superfast seaward motion eastern flank. also observed that rare flank reversal indicates short-term contraction volcano occasionally overcomes gravity-controlled sliding Conversely, fast dike intrusion led acceleration flank, could potentially evolve into sudden collapses, fault creep, release, increasing hazard. A better comprehension these interactions can be relevance for addressing scenarios, yielding tentative forecasting quantity magma accumulating within plumbing system.